Compare Svalbard (2008) - Saint Pierre and Miquelon (2004)

Compare Svalbard (2008) z Saint Pierre and Miquelon (2004)

	Svalbard (2008)	Saint Pierre and Miquelon (2004)

Administrative divisions	-	none (territorial collectivity of France); note - there are no first-order administrative divisions as defined by the US Government, but there are two communes - Saint Pierre, Miquelon at the second order
Age structure	0-14 years: NA 15-64 years: NA 65 years and over: NA	0-14 years: 24.6% (male 878; female 840) 15-64 years: 64.9% (male 2,316; female 2,227) 65 years and over: 10.5% (male 323; female 411) (2004 est.)
Agriculture - products	-	vegetables; poultry, cattle, sheep, pigs; fish
Airports	4 (2007)	2 (2003 est.)
Airports - with paved runways	total: 1 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 (2007)	total: 2 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 914 to 1,523 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Airports - with unpaved runways	total: 3 under 914 m: 3 (2007)	-
Area	total: 61,020 sq km land: 61,020 sq km water: 0 sq km note: includes Spitsbergen and Bjornoya (Bear Island)	total: 242 sq km land: 242 sq km water: 0 sq km note: includes eight small islands in the Saint Pierre and the Miquelon groups
Area - comparative	slightly smaller than West Virginia	1.5 times the size of Washington, DC
Background	First discovered by the Norwegians in the 12th century, the islands served as an international whaling base during the 17th and 18th centuries. Norway's sovereignty was recognized in 1920; five years later it officially took over the territory.	First settled by the French in the early 17th century, the islands represent the sole remaining vestige of France's once vast North American possessions.
Birth rate	NA	14.15 births/1,000 population (2004 est.)
Budget	revenues: $25.07 million expenditures: $NA (2004 est.)	revenues: $70 million expenditures: $60 million, including capital expenditures of $24 million (1996 est.)
Capital	name: Longyearbyen geographic coordinates: 78 13 N, 15 33 E time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time) daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October	Saint-Pierre
Climate	arctic, tempered by warm North Atlantic Current; cool summers, cold winters; North Atlantic Current flows along west and north coasts of Spitsbergen, keeping water open and navigable most of the year	cold and wet, with much mist and fog; spring and autumn are windy
Coastline	3,587 km	120 km
Constitution	-	28 September 1958 (French Constitution)
Country name	conventional long form: none conventional short form: Svalbard (sometimes referred to as Spitzbergen)	conventional long form: Territorial Collectivity of Saint Pierre and Miquelon conventional short form: Saint Pierre and Miquelon local long form: Departement de Saint-Pierre et Miquelon local short form: Saint-Pierre et Miquelon
Currency	-	euro (EUR)
Death rate	NA	6.72 deaths/1,000 population (2004 est.)
Debt - external	-	NA (2003 est.)
Dependency status	territory of Norway; administered by the Polar Department of the Ministry of Justice, through a governor (sysselmann) residing in Longyearbyen, Spitsbergen; by treaty (9 February 1920) sovereignty was awarded to Norway	self-governing territorial collectivity of France
Diplomatic representation from the US	-	none (territorial collectivity of France)
Diplomatic representation in the US	-	none (territorial collectivity of France)
Disputes - international	despite recent discussions, Russia and Norway dispute their maritime limits in the Barents Sea and Russia's fishing rights beyond Svalbard's territorial limits within the Svalbard Treaty zone	none
Economic aid - recipient	$8.2 million from Norway (1998)	approximately $60 million in annual grants from France
Economy - overview	Coal mining is the major economic activity on Svalbard. The treaty of 9 February 1920 gave the 41 signatories equal rights to exploit mineral deposits, subject to Norwegian regulation. Although US, UK, Dutch, and Swedish coal companies have mined in the past, the only companies still mining are Norwegian and Russian. The settlements on Svalbard are essentially company towns. The Norwegian state-owned coal company employs nearly 60% of the Norwegian population on the island, runs many of the local services, and provides most of the local infrastructure. There is also some hunting of seal, reindeer, and fox.	The inhabitants have traditionally earned their livelihood by fishing and by servicing fishing fleets operating off the coast of Newfoundland. The economy has been declining, however, because of disputes with Canada over fishing quotas and a steady decline in the number of ships stopping at Saint Pierre. In 1992, an arbitration panel awarded the islands an exclusive economic zone of 12,348 sq km to settle a longstanding territorial dispute with Canada, although it represents only 25% of what France had sought. The islands are heavily subsidized by France to the great betterment of living standards. The government hopes an expansion of tourism will boost economic prospects. Recent test drilling for oil may pave the way for development of the energy sector.
Electricity - consumption	-	39.08 million kWh (2001)
Electricity - exports	-	0 kWh (2001)
Electricity - imports	-	0 kWh (2001)
Electricity - production	-	42.03 million kWh (2001)
Elevation extremes	lowest point: Arctic Ocean 0 m highest point: Newtontoppen 1,717 m	lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m highest point: Morne de la Grande Montagne 240 m
Environment - current issues	NA	recent test drilling for oil in waters around Saint Pierre and Miquelon may bring future development that would impact the environment
Ethnic groups	Norwegian 55.4%, Russian and Ukrainian 44.3%, other 0.3% (1998)	Basques and Bretons (French fishermen)
Exchange rates	Norwegian kroner per US dollar - 5.8396 (2007), 6.4117 (2006), 6.4425 (2005), 6.7408 (2004), 7.0802 (2003)	euros per US dollar - 0.886 (2003), 1.0626 (2002), 1.0626 (2001), 1.08540 (2000), 0.93863 (1999)
Executive branch	chief of state: King HARALD V of Norway (since 17 January 1991) head of government: Governor Per SEFLAND (since 1 October 2005); Assistant Governor Rune Baard HANSEN (since 2003) elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; governor and assistant governor responsible to the Polar Department of the Ministry of Justice	chief of state: President Jacques CHIRAC of France (since 17 May 1995), represented by Prefect Albert DUPUY (since 10 January 2005) head of government: President of the General Council Marc PLANTAGENEST (since NA) cabinet: NA elections: French president elected by popular vote for a five-year term; election last held, first round - 21 April 2002, second round - 5 May 2002 (next to be held NA 2007); prefect appointed by the French president on the advice of the French Ministry of Interior; president of the General Council is elected by the members of the council
Exports	$197.6 million (2004)	NA (2001)
Exports - commodities	-	fish and fish products, soybeans, animal feed, mollusks and crustaceans, fox and mink pelts
Exports - partners	-	US 42.9%, Ecuador 28.6%, Canada 14.3%, France 14.3% (2003)
Fiscal year	-	calendar year
Flag description	the flag of Norway is used	a yellow sailing ship facing the hoist side rides on a dark blue background with yellow wavy lines under the ship; on the hoist side, a vertical band is divided into three parts: the top part (called ikkurina) is red with a green diagonal cross extending to the corners overlaid by a white cross dividing the rectangle into four sections; the middle part has a white background with an ermine pattern; the third part has a red background with two stylized yellow lions outlined in black, one above the other; these three heraldic arms represent settlement by colonists from the Basque Country (top), Brittany, and Normandy; the flag of France is used for official occasions
GDP	-	purchasing power parity - $48.33 million - supplemented by annual payments from France of about $60 million (2003 est.)
GDP - composition by sector	-	agriculture: NA industry: NA services: NA
GDP - per capita	-	purchasing power parity - $6,900 (2001 est.)
GDP - real growth rate	NA%	NA
Geographic coordinates	78 00 N, 20 00 E	46 50 N, 56 20 W
Geography - note	northernmost part of the Kingdom of Norway; consists of nine main islands; glaciers and snowfields cover 60% of the total area; Spitsbergen Island is the site of the Svalbard Global Seed Vault, a seed repository established by the Global Crop Diversity Trust and the Norwegian Government	vegetation scanty
Heliports	1 (2007)	-
Highways	-	total: 114 km paved: 69 km unpaved: 45 km
Household income or consumption by percentage share	-	lowest 10%: NA highest 10%: NA
Imports	$NA	NA (2001)
Imports - commodities	-	meat, clothing, fuel, electrical equipment, machinery, building materials
Imports - partners	-	France 51%, Canada 31.4%, Italy 11.8% (2003)
Independence	none (territory of Norway)	none (territorial collectivity of France; has been under French control since 1763)
Industrial production growth rate	-	NA
Industries	-	fish processing and supply base for fishing fleets; tourism
Infant mortality rate	total: NA male: NA female: NA	total: 7.76 deaths/1,000 live births male: 8.91 deaths/1,000 live births female: 6.55 deaths/1,000 live births (2004 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices)	-	2.1% (1991-96 average)
International organization participation	none	UPU, WFTU
Irrigated land	NA	NA sq km
Judicial branch	-	Superior Tribunal of Appeals or Tribunal Superieur d'Appel
Labor force	NA	3,261 (1999)
Labor force - by occupation	-	fishing 18%, industry (mainly fish-processing) 41%, services 41% (1996 est.)
Land boundaries	0 km	0 km
Land use	arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (no trees; the only bushes are crowberry and cloudberry) (2005)	arable land: 13.04% permanent crops: 0% other: 86.96% (2001)
Languages	Norwegian, Russian	French (official)
Legal system	the laws of Norway, where applicable, apply	French law with special adaptations for local conditions, such as housing and taxation
Legislative branch	-	unicameral General Council or Conseil General (19 seats - 15 from Saint Pierre and 4 from Miquelon; members are elected by popular vote to serve six-year terms) elections: elections last held 19 and 26 March 2000 (next to be held NA April 2006) election results: percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - PS 12, PRG 2, UDF-RPR 5 note: Saint Pierre and Miquelon elect 1 seat to the French Senate; elections last held NA September 1995 (next to be held NA September 2004); results - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - RPR 1; Saint Pierre and Miquelon also elects 1 seat to the French National Assembly; elections last held, first round - 9 June 2002, second round - 16 June 2002 (next to be held NA 2007); results - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - UDF 1
Life expectancy at birth	total population: NA male: NA female: NA	total population: 78.28 years male: 75.97 years female: 80.7 years (2004 est.)
Literacy	NA	definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 99% male: 99% female: 99% (1982 est.)
Location	Northern Europe, islands between the Arctic Ocean, Barents Sea, Greenland Sea, and Norwegian Sea, north of Norway	Northern North America, islands in the North Atlantic Ocean, south of Newfoundland (Canada)
Map references	Arctic Region	North America
Maritime claims	territorial sea: 4 nm exclusive fishing zone: 200 nm unilaterally claimed by Norway but not recognized by Russia	territorial sea: 12 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
Merchant marine	-	none
Military - note	demilitarized by treaty on 9 February 1920	defense is the responsibility of France
National holiday	-	Bastille Day, 14 July (1789)
Nationality	-	noun: Frenchman(men), Frenchwoman(women) adjective: French
Natural hazards	ice floes often block the entrance to Bellsund (a transit point for coal export) on the west coast and occasionally make parts of the northeastern coast inaccessible to maritime traffic	persistent fog throughout the year can be a maritime hazard
Natural resources	coal, iron ore, copper, zinc, phosphate, wildlife, fish	fish, deepwater ports
Net migration rate	NA	-4.86 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2004 est.)
Political parties and leaders	-	PRG [leader NA]; Rassemblement pour la Republique or RPR (now UMP) [leader NA]; Socialist Party or PS [leader NA]; Union pour la Democratie Francaise or UDF [leader NA]
Political pressure groups and leaders	-	NA
Population	2,214 (July 2007 est.)	6,995 (July 2004 est.)
Population below poverty line	-	NA
Population growth rate	-0.007% (2007 est.)	0.26% (2004 est.)
Ports and harbors	-	Saint Pierre
Radio broadcast stations	AM 1, FM 1 (plus 2 repeaters), shortwave 0 (1998)	AM 1, FM 4, shortwave 0 (1998)
Religions	-	Roman Catholic 99%
Sex ratio	NA (2007 est.)	at birth: 1.06 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.04 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.79 male(s)/female total population: 1.01 male(s)/female (2004 est.)
Suffrage	-	18 years of age; universal
Telephone system	general assessment: probably adequate domestic: local telephone service international: country code - 47-790; satellite earth station - 1 of unknown type (for communication with Norwegian mainland only)	general assessment: adequate domestic: NA international: country code - 508; radiotelephone communication with most countries in the world; 1 earth station in French domestic satellite system
Telephones - main lines in use	NA	4,800 (2002)
Telephones - mobile cellular	-	0 (1994)
Television broadcast stations	NA	0 (there are, however, two repeaters which rebroadcast programs from France, Canada, and the US) (1997)
Terrain	wild, rugged mountains; much of high land ice covered; west coast clear of ice about one-half of the year; fjords along west and north coasts	mostly barren rock
Total fertility rate	NA	2.05 children born/woman (2004 est.)
Unemployment rate	-	9.8% (1997)

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